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When discussing graphene, we need to first mention the natural mineral graphite that is extensively present in our every day life.
As an allotrope of carbon, graphite is a split product, and the carbon atoms inside graphite are organized layer by layer. Carbon atoms in the very same layer “hold hands” and are very closely attached, but the mix of carbon atoms in between different layers hangs, like a stack of playing cards. With a gentle push, the cards will certainly slide apart.
(Graphene Powder)
From the viewpoint of chemical structure, graphite is a transitional crystal in between atomic crystals, metal crystals and molecular crystals. In the crystal, carbon atoms in the same layer type covalent bonds with sp2 hybridization, each carbon atom is attached to three various other carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms develop a regular hexagonal ring on the exact same airplane, extending to develop a sheet framework.
If graphite is a stack of playing cards, after that graphene is among the cards in this stack of playing cards. Graphene is a two-dimensional product composed of a single layer of carbon atoms. Stacking graphene layer by layer is graphite. A 1 mm thick graphite has regarding 3 million layers of graphene.
Although graphene exists in nature, it is challenging to peel off a solitary layer structure.
Greater than 20 years earlier, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, scientists at the University of Manchester in the UK, believed that there need to be a means to acquire a solitary layer of graphite.
Just how can a solitary layer of graphite be removed? Scientists took a very “easy and unrefined” technique – sticking it with tape.
“Just like when we create a typo on paper, we will certainly stick the typo with tape.” Based upon this, researchers frankly connect that if tape can stay with the surface of paper, can it also stick to layers of graphite?
( TRUNNANO Graphenen Powder)
In the experiment, scientists stuck both sides of pyrolytic graphite flakes to an unique tape, and tore off the tape, the graphite sheet was divided into 2. Although the density of graphite currently is still far from that of a solitary layer of graphite, researchers have verified the usefulness of this approach – each time the tape is made use of, the graphite becomes thinner. By demanding utilizing this “mechanical peeling technique” to repeat the operation, they lastly acquired a slim sheet including only one layer of carbon atoms, which is graphene.
Nevertheless, this technique of consistently scrubing graphite sheets with tape to obtain graphene has low manufacturing efficiency and can just be utilized to prepare micron-thick graphene, and can not be mass-produced industrially.
Later on, with the improvement of clinical and technological levels, the preparation technique of graphene has additionally made great development. Today, in addition to this standard physical and mechanical peeling technique, there are likewise numerous approaches for preparing graphene, such as redox method, solvent exfoliation approach, chemical vapor deposition, etc
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